When summer heatwaves roll in, your air conditioner becomes your best friend. But like any hardworking appliance, it needs a little TLC to keep running at its best. Whether you have a portable AC, a window-mounted unit, or a central HVAC system, knowing how to clean your air conditioner is key to ensuring it works efficiently, keeps your air clean, and doesn’t rack up your hydro bill.
In this step-by-step guide, we’ll walk you through how to clean air conditioner units of all types. You’ll learn exactly what tools you need, how often to clean different parts, and how to handle key components like filters, coils, and drain lines.
Let’s get started!
Why it’s important to clean your air conditioner
You don’t need to be an HVAC expert to know that a dirty air conditioner can’t perform at its best. Regular cleaning brings a ton of benefits:
- Improves cooling efficiency – Dust and grime can block airflow and cause the system to overwork.
- Boosts air quality – A clean AC filters out dust, pollen, pet dander, and even mould spores.
- Extends your unit’s lifespan – Clean components are less likely to wear out or break down prematurely.
- Reduces energy bills – An efficient AC uses less electricity, saving you money in the long run.
- Reduces allergens – Especially important for homes with pets or allergy-prone family members.
Still shopping for the right system? Here’s a helpful air conditioner buying guide that compares types and features.
Safety first: what to do before you start
Before diving into cleaning your AC, take these important safety steps:
- Turn off the power – Unplug portable or window units. For central AC, shut off the breaker.
- Let it cool – If the unit was recently running, wait for the parts to cool down to avoid burns.
- Gather your tools: Here’s what you’ll need for most units:
| Tool | Use |
|---|---|
| Screwdriver | Opening panels or removing the unit |
| Soft brush or toothbrush | Cleaning coils, fins, and vents |
| Vacuum with brush attachment | Removing dust from vents and interior |
| Mild detergent or coil cleaner | Safe for cleaning surfaces and coils |
| Fin comb (optional) | Straightens bent condenser fins |
| Bucket and sponge | General wipe-downs |
| Replacement filters (if needed) | Improves air filtration and performance |
How to clean a portable air conditioner
Portable air conditioners are great for condos, small rooms, or renters. Cleaning them is fairly simple, and necessary!
Step 1: Empty and clean the water tank
Most portable ACs collect moisture during operation. Check the drain plug or reservoir and empty it if full. Use warm, soapy water to clean the tank and prevent mildew. Dry it and position it back in place.
Step 2: Clean or replace the air filter
Find the removable filter panel (usually in the back). Vacuum it first, then rinse it with warm water and mild soap. Let it dry completely before putting it back. Replace the filter if it’s damaged. Tip: Clean the filter every two to four weeks during regular use.
Step 3: Vacuum vents and coils
Use a soft brush attachment to gently vacuum the air intake and exhaust vents. If the internal coils are visible, gently vacuum them as well.
Step 4: Wipe down the exterior
Use a damp cloth to remove dust and dirt from the outside housing.
Step 5: Prep for storage (end-of-season tip)
Before storing your portable AC for winter:
- Drain all water.
- Clean and dry the filter.
- Wipe down the hose and window kit.
- Store in a dry place with the unit covered.
How to clean a window air conditioner
Window ACs are cost-effective and powerful for single-room cooling. With some elbow grease, you can get them clean and efficient in under an hour.
Step 1: Remove the unit (if possible)
For a deep clean, take the unit out of the window and place it in a tub or outdoors. If that’s not possible, lay down towels to catch drips.
Step 2: Clean or replace the filter
Open the front panel and remove the filter. Vacuum it and then rinse with soap and water. Let it dry completely before reinserting.
Step 3: Spray and rinse the coils
Use a no-rinse coil cleaner or a 1:1 mix of water and vinegar. Spray the evaporator coils (inside front) and the condenser coils (back of the unit). Let the cleaner sit, then rinse carefully with low-pressure water if outside or in a tub.
Step 4: Clean fins with soft brush or fin comb
Use a soft brush to remove grime from the metal fins. If they’re bent, use a fin comb to straighten them. Be gentle to avoid damaging the coil.
Step 5: Clean the drip tray and let dry
Wipe down the bottom tray (drip pan) where water collects. Let the whole unit dry for several hours before plugging it back in.
Want installation tips? Here’s a great how-to guide for installing a window AC, handy if you have to put it back on your own for the first time.
How to clean a central air conditioner (outdoor unit)
Your central AC has two main parts: the indoor air handler and the outdoor condenser unit. Homeowners can safely clean the outdoor condenser themselves with basic tools.
Step 1: Shut off power
Turn off the AC system at the thermostat and the breaker box. You can also use the power disconnect switch near the outdoor unit.
Step 2: Clear away debris
Remove any leaves, grass clippings, or debris around the unit. Trim nearby plants so there’s at least two feet of clearance.
Step 3: Clean condenser coils
Spray the coils (the metal grid on the outside of the unit) with coil cleaner. Let it sit for 10–15 minutes, then gently rinse with a garden hose from the inside out.
Step 4: Straighten bent fins
Using a fin comb, straighten any bent fins on the condenser. This helps maintain good airflow.
Step 5: Check and rinse the drain line
Your central AC has a condensate drain line that can clog with algae or dirt. To flush it:
- Find the PVC drain pipe near the indoor unit.
- Pour a cup of vinegar into the line.
- Let sit 30 minutes, then flush with water.
How often should you clean your AC?
Consistency is key to keeping your air conditioner running smoothly. Here’s a simple maintenance schedule:
| Task | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Clean/replace filter | Every 1–3 months |
| Clean coils | Twice per year |
| Wipe down exterior and vents | Monthly |
| Flush AC drain line | Twice per year |
| Deep clean unit | At the start and end of the cooling season |
After heavy use (e.g., heatwaves), or if you notice odours or reduced cooling, clean your unit more frequently.
When to call a professional
While most basic AC maintenance is DIY-friendly, some issues are best left to licensed HVAC pros. Consider professional help if:
- Your unit is blowing warm air or not cooling properly.
- You notice strange smells or electrical issues.
- You suspect refrigerant leaks.
- You need deep duct cleaning or coil replacement.
- It has been more than a year since your last HVAC tune-up.
Stay Cool with a Clean Air Conditioner
Learning how to clean air conditioner units, whether portable, window, or central, is one of the best ways to protect your investment, improve indoor air quality, and stay comfortable year-round. The steps aren’t complicated. With just a few tools, you can tackle most cleaning tasks in under an hour.
Need help choosing between AC types? Check out this portable vs. window vs. mini-split comparison then browse Best Buy’s full selection of air conditioners to find the perfect fit.
Happy cooling, and cleaning!
